Pre Production
1) THE REQUIREMENTS OF MOVING IMAGE PRODUCTION:
Financing in the film is one of the most important factors, the producer is responsible for funding the film, without funding the film won’t be able to take place. Cast, crew and props are mainly what the money is spent on, but also many other things such as, editors and people helping out also require to get a small amount of the profit, The films budget, if the film goes over-budget, the producer will then take that contract to a bank for a loan, these loans are subordinate to the senior/bank production loan, but in turn, the gap/super gap loan will be senior to equity financing, a gap loan becomes a super gap loan when it extends beyond 10-15% of the production loan required to shoot, that is when things that will need to be effectively financed are wages and the amount spent on props, cast crew (depending on who it is) will require a large amount of money, most certainty if the main actor is a huge name, let alone other actors in the film, meaning that their wages must be discussed and come to an agreement, as well as all the other crew members who play a role in making the film. Also, a small amount of money should be left on the side just in case of an emergency where something needs to be bought. The differences between public and private funding for film, Is that public funding comes from a publicly funded agency, when money from the government could be given out to help make the film, and privately funded either comes from a grant or loan from the bank/investors or from a personal company or out of the persons pocket, advantages for public is that the money is given by the public as well as it being someone else’s money meaning not much of a loss can be made, And the disadvantages are sometimes having to give it back or the amount of money given cannot fully cover the costs of the production. The advantages of private could be the fact that u can get a large amount of money covering all costs of the production, and a disadvantage could be when paying back the debt that comes with it.
TIMESCALES :
FACILITIES :
The shooting schedule is everything that has been planned to shoot for each day, mostly overall it’s an organised shoot in the logical order. The crew and director use shooting schedules as they are essential for everything to go well and shoot efficiently which also helps save money on the budget takes less time and allows plenty more coverage on other scenes giving extra footage. It’s important because it’s a schedule for the entire crew and shoot making sure it focuses on the scenes in the days so everything goes smoothly which allows everyone to be on time and not waste the budget
3) THE FUNCTIONS OF PRE-PRODUCTION
Functions of preproduction are very important as the advice can be given on the script meaning you could improve and adjust the script to make it more intriguing for the viewer it’s aimed to. For location scouting, it helps you find more places that match your film genre this will minimise the time being wasted looking for other locations because if they have already been scouted there is more time to film and more time for a heads up. For the storyboard, it helps the crew and the director have an image of what each scene should look like and makes it quicker and saves time when shooting as they will know what the film as they already have the idea of what footage to shoot and edit into it in the film. The shooting schedule makes it a lot easier for when shooting and makes everything go well as they will already be a whole plan and vision of how they want to make the film look which saves time and money and also give them a heads up of what equipment will be needed to film their production. Overall planned preproduction that has gone well, should make the film easier to make and also help everyone else involved making it.
FUNDING :
FUNDING :
Financing in the film is one of the most important factors, the producer is responsible for funding the film, without funding the film won’t be able to take place. Cast, crew and props are mainly what the money is spent on, but also many other things such as, editors and people helping out also require to get a small amount of the profit, The films budget, if the film goes over-budget, the producer will then take that contract to a bank for a loan, these loans are subordinate to the senior/bank production loan, but in turn, the gap/super gap loan will be senior to equity financing, a gap loan becomes a super gap loan when it extends beyond 10-15% of the production loan required to shoot, that is when things that will need to be effectively financed are wages and the amount spent on props, cast crew (depending on who it is) will require a large amount of money, most certainty if the main actor is a huge name, let alone other actors in the film, meaning that their wages must be discussed and come to an agreement, as well as all the other crew members who play a role in making the film. Also, a small amount of money should be left on the side just in case of an emergency where something needs to be bought. The differences between public and private funding for film, Is that public funding comes from a publicly funded agency, when money from the government could be given out to help make the film, and privately funded either comes from a grant or loan from the bank/investors or from a personal company or out of the persons pocket, advantages for public is that the money is given by the public as well as it being someone else’s money meaning not much of a loss can be made, And the disadvantages are sometimes having to give it back or the amount of money given cannot fully cover the costs of the production. The advantages of private could be the fact that u can get a large amount of money covering all costs of the production, and a disadvantage could be when paying back the debt that comes with it.
Personally, when it comes to filling my own film I will be taking my time at finding props and actors and trying to minimise the cost as much as possible to be a low budgeted production.
TIMESCALES :
Timescales are very important during planning of pre-production, The timescale and deadline makes your project less likely to be pressured and gives you enough time to work on different stages of the production process, it’s very important to work on the stages of the production during preproduction so when the production starts things don’t need to be rushed. Factors that can affect the timing could be actors not turning up, editing taking too long or even the lack of props for a shoot. Small things like this can have a big effect on the production on this why timescale so important, get all of this right and everything should go according to plan. An example to support this is if you get given six months to make a horror film you’re most likely going to get it done in five-month if everything goes according to plan, but if you don’t get given A deadline date and don’t have a timescale the production could take a lot longer and can confuse the cast and crew.
FACILITIES :
For facilities this must be well planned out in preproduction, things such as equipment Play the biggest role in the production, knowing what equipment is needed and props play a big role on how the film can end out, things planned out in the preproduction will save money and lower the budget when it comes for the facilities, for example, equipment such as lighting could be bought before and used in different scenes instead of being used in only one, no one what to by can also save time, for example if you are needing to buy a microphone you can order it before instead of spending time looking for one during filming, although equipment and facilities are expensive, you will not need to worry during the shoot or anything as everything will go well if you have the right equipment and planning, post production-wise, needs to be planned as well, things such as editing software needs to be already downloaded so the production can be edited straight away and no time is wasted.
If planning does not take place when hiring equipment and filming can be extended which can affect the budget and the cast and crews availability and also the timing of the production
LOCATIONS :
Locations are very important in film production, In preproduction a safety check should be done on the location to see if it safe to Film at and as well as if any licenses will be needed, as well as research on the area to see if it fits your film and story because there is no point in filming at a location that has nothing to do with the story, most of all Health and safety check is the most important when filming, for example, if you are filming a running scene you want to be sure that the area is not wet and there is nothing on the ground that could injure the actor, and if that is any health and safety issue, you should know on how to take precautions and be aware of your surroundings, it’s important because it’s putting other people on your own lives at risk and also could have a big effect on the production.
PERSONNEL :
Personnel, the specialist crew needs to be hired, for specific scenes, coordinators, cast and crew. For example in coordinator must be brought in to ensure the safety of everyone and to also make sure everything goes right, four example if there is a race seen in a film there must be a professional driver taking the role of one of the actors, Not as necessarily look like actor but it drives well and make sure the scene turns out Actors driving afterwards.
other personnel that must be considered for example are editors, all the most editors can do the job, For specific editing and effects they might have to be brought in to make the right video production outcome
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS :
Additional materials that I would consider in preproduction are storyboard costumes sound lighting and scripts, storyboards are important as they plan out it how each scene is going to be shot, how many angles and what angles will take place, this is very helpful and eases the process of when filming, for example (medium close up on scene 6). It also saves time and helps the editor during editing. Costumes are very important as they depend on how the character comes across and gives each character their own style. It shows the personality and ensures that they don’t look as placed within the film. for the sound it’s very important as it is a layer throughout the whole film, without a sound the film is very different, Music and sound effects allow the film to be seen differently and also very important during editing. And scripts also very important as they tell actors what to say and you are used in many scenes to help us remember their lines scripts need to be considered because actors use them and help them act
CODES OF PRACTICE AND REGULATIONS :
This is one of the most important things to do during preproduction, getting permission for copyright material hope the production go smoothly, If your film contains copyright sound effect and you don’t have permission by the artist or the maker you can be sued which could lead to court and losing a lot of money meaning the whole production will go down the drain, This is why you need permission to use the songs also to give Credit if the owner requests it. Also, health and safety precautions should be taken seriously for example if the actor or a crewmember were to get severely injured or pass away it is not very good for the films popularity and advertises meant and as well as insurance in case of suing
2) THE FORMATS FOR PRE-PRODUCTION PROCESS
THE PROPOSAL
The proposal is very important it’s almost like a pitch, if you have investors it will make them invest and take a share of the idea, and also proceed them to fund your film, The main part of the proposal is to put across a short but detailed idea of how are you want your film to be and turnout and it gives investors a consideration for the target audience would like to reach, things discussed would be the main plotline, the structure, The target audience and the main characters. These are what the investors will most likely look up and make them want to invest in your film given them believe that they will make a profit and the film will become very successful
SCRIPTING: MASTER SCENE SCRIPT
Master screen scripting is one of the required formats by modern screenplays Before they have given the go-ahead for production major advantage of the master scene script is that it gives the maker of the film A preview to show investors so I can be visualised, It also gives a dialogue and description to allow the viewer to easily follow the story because it’s the most important. It’s very technical as well as the information is limited through this format. It’s normally split into three sections being the scene heading narrative description and dialogue block, Most of these funds of MS or in size 12, and there are always photos at the bottom of the page to see either continue where the scene moves onto a different page the next page has continue at the top left hand of the page
SCRIPTING: SHOOTING SCRIPT
The shooting script is the script that is used during the production of when shooting a film, they are formatted so that they include helpful information for the director cast and crew. The shooting script is different from the master scene scripts as it includes camera directions, The main difference between them is that the MSS is a selling tool compare to the shooting script where it’s a production tool, The number of scenes added that remain consistent. Techniques are included to help the crew shoot on set and so they can include camera movement so it’s easier during editing.
STORYBOARDING
When everything else is complete and the script is done this is when storyboard comes into play, The storyboard there is another version of the script, it shows what screen playing pictures and it separates the shots so they can be visually translated into it with individual storyboard boxes, this gives help to the film directors and the cinematography directors to visualise the scenes and find potential problems before they occur, The storyboard also helps estimate the total cost of production and saves much time in production
SHOOTING SCHEDULES
The shooting schedule is everything that has been planned to shoot for each day, mostly overall it’s an organised shoot in the logical order. The crew and director use shooting schedules as they are essential for everything to go well and shoot efficiently which also helps save money on the budget takes less time and allows plenty more coverage on other scenes giving extra footage. It’s important because it’s a schedule for the entire crew and shoot making sure it focuses on the scenes in the days so everything goes smoothly which allows everyone to be on time and not waste the budget
OTHER PAPERWORK
Other paperwork that is most likely going to be used during preproduction is a risk assessment of copyright clearance and a location release, A risk assessment is to collect all the information and assess all the potential risks relating to the shoot, A copyright clearance is for all the audio being used to make sure that you have the right to use it and give credit to avoid being sued, and a location release is to get the permission on all the locations either public or privately owned to be allowed to shoot there.
3) THE FUNCTIONS OF PRE-PRODUCTION
Functions of preproduction are very important as the advice can be given on the script meaning you could improve and adjust the script to make it more intriguing for the viewer it’s aimed to. For location scouting, it helps you find more places that match your film genre this will minimise the time being wasted looking for other locations because if they have already been scouted there is more time to film and more time for a heads up. For the storyboard, it helps the crew and the director have an image of what each scene should look like and makes it quicker and saves time when shooting as they will know what the film as they already have the idea of what footage to shoot and edit into it in the film. The shooting schedule makes it a lot easier for when shooting and makes everything go well as they will already be a whole plan and vision of how they want to make the film look which saves time and money and also give them a heads up of what equipment will be needed to film their production. Overall planned preproduction that has gone well, should make the film easier to make and also help everyone else involved making it.
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